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in the future. Thanks to this analysis, the optimal use of resources and assets reduces costs.
d. Detection of the demand for needed aids will be easier if it uses IT and IS. Stakeholders can provide targeted
assistance according to the needs of disaster victims. The utilization of IT and IS can be used to conduct
early awareness analysis. This analysis helps what type of relief items the victim needs most and how much
is required. Estimating requests like this will make it easier for each agent to assist victims.
e. IT and IS will be a source for making the right decisions. The utilization of IT will help collect data,
transcribe complex data into simpler forms, and make it a report to support decision making. Based on
these roles, it can be said that IT and IS are the most critical determinants of the success of HSCM.

4. Current Trends
At present, the adoption of IT and IS in HSCM seems to be a universal imperative so that aid organizations
can be handled effectively and efficiently(Avgerou, 2001). Several humanitarian organizations and institutions
dealing with disaster relief have used IT and IS to automate their supply chains. The World Food Program
(WFP) is a food aid organization of the United Nations. WFP has implemented an effective response system
for several major disasters, such as the Iran earthquake (the 1960s). They also helped distribute food for Elnino
victims in Southern Africa in early 1990. Assist people affected by drought in Horn Africa and Ethiopia in 2000
WFP is one organization that uses IS to carry out its activities. WFP initially did not have comprehensive
software for tracking and tracing its commodities' status, movements, and location. However, since February
1996, the WFP executive board built a new Corporate Supply Chain Tracking System (COMPAS) and officially
implemented it in January 1997. This system is used to develop, implement, record, monitor, and report the
entire supply chain process. This system also allows for comprehensive, accurate, and timely computation and
reporting of commodities. The benefits of using COMPAS can be felt by donors, the government, and society.
This system can monitor many things, such as information about donations, shipping, vessel discharges, stock
stored, stock transit, loss, and distribution (Tusiime and Byrne, 2011).
Save the Children organization has chosen the Helios system, which the Fritz Institute sponsors. Also, they
built their in-house system with simple additions to Agresso, a commercial ERP system used in the financial
sector. Care USA uses software designed by Aid Matrix, which is known to be active in developing software
for the Aids industry. All aims to optimize the process of distribution of aid to disaster victims(PSA, 2015).
Oxfam is a British non-profit organization that focuses on the alleviation of global poverty. Oxfam also
collaborates with communities before, during, and after crises to build their resilience, save lives, and address
the root causes of conflict and disaster. Oxfam utilizes some technologies and software in carrying out its
activities. Oxfam used the Scaling Humanitarian ICTs Network (SHINE) to scale information communication
technologies to improve their humanitarian programs' quality and efficiency. SHINE is mainly used to increase
the effectiveness of humanitarian delivery. SHINE is capable of performing accurate assessments through
mobile data and collection tools.
In July 2016, Oxfam launched the mobile survey toolkit named Mobenzi as a data collection tool. Besides,
Oxfam has also used World Visions Last Mile Mobile Solutions (LMMS). This technology was developed by
Last Mile Mobile Solutions, which is designed to combine software and hardware applications. The purpose of
using this tool is to simplify beneficiary registration, verification, planning, distribution management,
monitoring, and reporting (O’Donnell, 2017). Humanitarian organizations must adapt to a dynamic and
complex humanitarian environment and coordinate with all agents in HSCM(L’Hermitte et al., 2016; Sigalaet
al., 2019). Then,IT and IS's use becomes a fundamental solution for managing information flow in disaster
management. With IT and IS's help, humanitarian organizations can carry out their activities quickly and on
target.

E- Proceedings of The 5th International Multi-Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technology (MCAIT 2021) [3]
Artificial Intelligence in the 4th Industrial Revolution