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The Risks of Artificial Intelligence in the Dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in
Malaysia

Nazura bt Abdul Manap & Azrol bin Abdullah

Abstract

Technology is the fundamental factor that drives the economic growth since the
beginning of the First Industrial Revolution up to the present Fourth Industrial Revolution
(4IR). 4IR has now become the trendy buzz word that crosses every lip of any optimistic
industry players. The dynamics of 4IR are propelled by three prongs of megatrends
namely ‘physical cluster’, ‘digital cluster’ and ‘biological cluster’. Autonomous vehicles
and advanced robotics are being categorised under the ‘physical cluster’ since both
possess direct embodiment of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The interconnection and
integration between machines, AI and people are inevitable in 4IR; which ultimately
produced various intelligent systems. AI’s past records however did not come clean.
The harm caused by AI particularly injuring humans, had caused AI to be severely
lambasted and brashed with annoyance since AI is only regarded as an object oflaw.
Despite the promising capabilities of AI, this article also exposes untoward incidents to
demonstrate the magnitude of threat that can be posed onto human by AI. Indeed, the
risks of AI are not mere conjectures which proved that Isaac Asimov’s theory on robotic
is rebuttable. It is suggested that the threats of AI must not be taken lightly. No matter
how well AI is programmed, factors beyond the machine’s control will result injury of any
kind which are not intended at its initial programming. In this context, it is timely for AI to
be recognised as a subject of law.

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